This study quantitatively evaluated the historical development and possible future trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI)-related biomedical research indexed in PubMed. AI-related publications were defined as publications explicitly identifying major AI concepts in their titles or abstracts, encompassing both biomedical applications of AI and studies of AI as a scientific subject. Annual publication output remained low for several decades before increasing sharply, with the most pronounced acceleration occurring in recent years. Two alternative growth descriptions closely represented the observed trend but produced contrasting interpretations of the field’s developmental stage. One placed the period of maximum growth near 2025 and projected approximately 184,000 publications in 2035, whereas the other placed maximum growth near 2033 and projected approximately 359,000 publications in 2035. The latter description received greater relative statistical support, although its predicted long-term publication level was associated with substantial uncertainty. These findings demonstrate rapid expansion of AI-related biomedical research and are particularly relevant to neuroscience, where artificial intelligence increasingly intersects with the investigation and computational modeling of learning, perception, reasoning, decision-making, and other neural and cognitive functions. Continued monitoring will determine whether this growth begins to approach saturation or remains accelerated into the next decade.