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Open Access
Original Research
Dodecanogram (DDG): advancing EEG technology with a high-frequency brain activity measurement device
P. Singh, J. S. Manna, P. Dey, S. Sarkar, A. Pattanayaka, S. Nag, S. Pramanik, K. Saxena, S. D. Krishnananda, T. Dutta and A. Bandyopadhyay
Author Affiliations
P. Singh: International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan.
J. S. Manna: International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan. & Department Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India.
P. Dey, S. Sarkar: International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan. & Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
A. Pattanayaka: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008. & School of Commerce, XIM University, Plot No 12(A); Nijigada, Kurki, Harirajpur, Odisha, 752050, India.
S. Nag: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008.
S. Pramanik: Amity School of Applied Science, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur Delhi Highway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
K. Saxena: International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan. & Microwave Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbag Educational Institute, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282005, India.
S. D. Krishnananda: Microwave Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbag Educational Institute, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282005, India.
T. Dutta: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008. & School of Commerce, XIM University, Plot No 12(A); Nijigada, Kurki, Harirajpur, Odisha, 752050, India.
A. Bandyopadhyay: International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan.
Abstract
EEG measures electric potential changes in the scalp. Even though it has been associated with human thoughts, there has been no direct evidence. The problem with EEG is that it measures variations in current or electric potential in the millisecond time domain, where muscle movement strongly affects the readings. The millisecond time domain is equivalent to the kHz resonance signal generated by a dielectric resonator, and every single cell membrane resonates in this time range. So, the measurement of EEG could come simply from the skin and not from the brain. Therefore, we have replaced this 1875 technology with the dodecanogram, which reveals 12 frequency bands or 12 discrete time regions where brain activities are most significant. We measure brain activity using a stream of pulses and a logic analyzer that counts ultra-short pulses needed to emulate the brain's scalp potential changes. We have created another version of DDG where, using an array of RLC resonators, we sense the ultra-low-power electromagnetic radiation from different locations on the brain's surface. Since we measure signals from Hz to THz, covering 12 orders of time ranges as a property of dielectric resonance, unlike EEG, there is a high probability that the DDG signal originates from the brain. We have monitored DDG on an artificial organic brain replica 24/7 for over a year and on multiple human subjects, and the results are summarized here."
Keywords
Dodecanogram (DDG); Electroencephalogram (EEG); electromagnetic; human subject; cognition; time crystal; artificial brain; synchronization; desynchronization.
How to cite this article
P. Singh, J. S. Manna, P. Dey, S. Sarkar, A. Pattanayak, S. Nag, S. Pramanik, K. Saxena, S. D. Krishnananda, T. Dutta & A. Bandyopadhyay (2024). Dodecanogram (DDG): advancing EEG technology with a high-frequency brain activity measurement device. Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience 3(1), 13-26.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Neural Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CC BY 4.0 license.
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This article belongs to the Special Issue
Atomic-resolution Scanning Microscopy of Neurons and Neuronal Networks
Lead Editor: Dr. Anirban Bandyopadhyay
Senior Scientist
International Institute for Material Science, Japan