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Online ISSN 2653-4983
Online first articles
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BRIEF REPORT
Marco Cavaglia and Jack Tuszynski
This paper introduces a computational model that underlies an electromagnetic theory of inter-neuronal interactions in the human brain. This hypothesis behind this model aims to explain human perception, cognition, memory and consciousness and involves an interdisciplinary approach combining biophysics, holography, and neuroscience. The main assumption used is that the phospholipid head groups of neuronal membranes, when stimulated energetically by the electric fields of propagating action potentials, can generate a metastable coherent state giving rise to an electromagnetic field. This is consistent with the Froehlich theory of biological coherence. Additionally, the electromagnetic fields produced by neighboring neurons can create interference patterns that lead to the formation of holographic images. This mechanism can solve the binding problem of consciousness where external sensory inputs are transduced into conscious perceptions.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Exploring the Role of Photobiomodulation in Cellular Responses: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Sara Castria1, Barbara Truglia, Marco Luppi & Jack A. Tuszynski
Potential therapeutic applications of photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of non-ionizing EM radiation in the range between infrared and ultraviolet to induce biological effects on cells, tissues and organisms. The devices used for the experiments reported here were the Bioptron device, which emits a hyperpolarized light beam (HPL) at 40 mW/cm², and the Vielight NeuroPro device, which utilizes an infrared light beam at 60 mW/cm² with a 10 Hz frequency sweep. Three different cancer cell lines were used in the experiments, namely: PC3, HeLa, and MCF7. The study focused on analyzing cell viability, morphological changes, ATP production, and metabolic shifts. The first step of the experiment involved culturing the aforementioned cells under standard conditions to promote proliferation and obtain statistically significant data for analysis. Subsequently, part of the samples was exposed to HPL (via Bioptron), while the remaining samples were exposed to infrared light (via Vielight). After irradiation, cell viability was first assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, followed by the analysis of key cytoplasmic proteins: actin, tubulin, and mitochondrial morphological changes through immunofluorescence staining. Finally, ATP production and metabolic shifts were quantified using the Glycolysis/OXPHOS Assay Kit. The study highlighted a biphasic...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Understanding Anxiety in Autism Through Neural Circuit Analysis
Lleuvelyn A. Cacha and Lourdes P. Terrado
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ASD does not include anxiety as one of its core features, which has its own unique and additional level of complexity. The prevalence of anxiety disorder is not considered a core characteristic, yet majority of individuals with autism exhibit clinically elevated levels of anxiety or suffer from at least one anxiety disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. An individual who is anxious is more likely to suffer from excessive negative emotions, which are indicative of potential dysfunctions within the brain systems responsible for regulating negative emotions. Anxiety is believed to have a neurobiological component, and considerable research has long been conducted to determine how its arousal impacts behavioral development in typical situations. Investigation has focused on the structural development of the amygdala implicated in the neurobiology of autism. An overview of the role of the prefrontal cortex in modulation of amygdala function is presented in this paper, as well how differences in amygdala and prefrontal cortex connectivity may play a role in influencing the presentation of anxiety syndrome in the context of autism spectrum disorder.
BRIEF REPORT
On the transition from a sense of self to actualizing an intention
R. R. Poznanski
Action potentials are a part of neural activity, but defining neural action is far more complex. Generalizing specific cognitive tasks as neural is ineffective. Instead, this paper focuses on individual factors such as intentions in action or consciousness in action. The hard question of consciousness arises from how the brain's biochemistry interacts with the electromagnetic field to facilitate energy transduction, enabling various forms of information to sustain self-referential causal closure. This has important implications, especially when intentions in action become intentions through a process that involves a transition from the experience of acting out a thought to actualizing intentions. This transition is particularly relevant to subjective intentionality, precognitive and unreliable in forming intentions without understanding the biochemical and biophysical foundations. We propose that negentropic force drives the transition from experience to intentions. Experience such as subjective intentionality is a quantum-optical effect actuated by electromagnetic “sparks” in benzene rings and proton transfer in hydrophobic pockets ...
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular calcium during speed tuning for directionality: the initial stage of cardinal direction selectivity
N.L. Iannella and R.R. Poznanski
Detecting moving objects is crucial in the animal kingdom and is fundamental to vision. In the vertebrate retina, starburst amacrine cells are directionally selective in terms of their calcium responses to stimuli that move centrifugally from the soma. The mechanism by which starburst amacrine cells show calcium bias for centrifugal motion is still to be determined. Recent morphological studies using fluorescent microscopy and immunostaining have shown that the endoplasmic reticulum is omnipresent in the soma, extending to the distal processes of starburst amacrine cells. Electron microscopy for ChAT SAC in adult rat retina unequivocally proves the presence of local endoplasmic reticulum. The submicron in diameter dendrites implies that the endoplasmic reticulum is not luminally connected between the soma and the distal tips. We construct a computational model of SAC dendrites with ER to simulate the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR)-based calcium waves in the presence of unsaturated buffer to test the hypothesis that the CICR mechanism can sustain constant calcium wave propagation in the centrifugal direction...