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Online ISSN 2653-4983
Volume 4 Issue 3 (September 2025)
BRIEF REPORT
Marco Cavaglia and Jack Tuszynski
This paper introduces a computational model that underlies an electromagnetic theory of inter-neuronal interactions in the human brain. This hypothesis behind this model aims to explain human perception, cognition, memory and consciousness and involves an interdisciplinary approach combining biophysics, holography, and neuroscience. The main assumption used is that the phospholipid head groups of neuronal membranes, when stimulated energetically by the electric fields of propagating action potentials, can generate a metastable coherent state giving rise to an electromagnetic field. This is consistent with the Froehlich theory of biological coherence. Additionally, the electromagnetic fields produced by neighboring neurons can create interference patterns that lead to the formation of holographic images. This mechanism can solve the binding problem of consciousness where external sensory inputs are transduced into conscious perceptions.
REVIEW
The Neurobiology of Fear: Understanding Anxiety in Autism Spectrum disorder
Lleuvelyn A. Cacha, Dolores Mirrabueno & Lourdes P. Terrado
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Autism spectrum disorder does not include anxiety as one of its core features, which has its own unique and additional level of complexity. The prevalence of anxiety disorder is not considered a core dimension , yet majority of individuals with autism exhibit clinically elevated levels of anxiety or suffer from at least one anxiety disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Individuals with anxiety are more susceptible to heightened and prolonged negative emotional states, which are indicative of potential dysfunctions within the brain systems responsible for regulating negative emotions. Anxiety is believed to have a neurobiological component, and considerable research has long been conducted to determine how its arousal impacts behavioral development in typical situations. Investigation has focused on the structural development of the amygdala implicated in the neurobiology of autism. An overview of the role of the prefrontal cortex in modulation of amygdala function is presented in this paper, as well how differences in amygdala and prefrontal cortex connectivity may play a role in influencing the presentation of anxiety syndrome in the context of autism spectrum disorder.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatiotemporal Ca dynamics in neuronal dendrites: Responses and support of travelling waves
N.L. Iannella and R.R. Poznanski
Detecting moving objects is crucial in the animal kingdom and is fundamental to vision. In the vertebrate retina, starburst amacrine cells are directionally selective in terms of their calcium responses to stimuli that move centrifugally from the soma. The mechanism by which starburst amacrine cells show calcium bias for centrifugal motion is still to be determined. Recent morphological studies using fluorescent microscopy and immunostaining have shown that the endoplasmic reticulum is omnipresent in the soma, extending to the distal processes of starburst amacrine cells. Electron microscopy for ChAT SAC in adult rat retina unequivocally proves the presence of local endoplasmic reticulum. The submicron in diameter dendrites implies that the endoplasmic reticulum is not luminally connected between the soma and the distal tips. We construct a computational model of SAC dendrites with ER to simulate the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR)-based calcium waves in the presence of unsaturated buffer to test the hypothesis that the CICR mechanism can sustain constant calcium wave propagation in the centrifugal direction...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
R.R. Poznanski
Consciousness arises inevitably from physical and geometric constraints, but what fundamentally accounts for the occurrence of phenomenality remains unresolved. To move beyond current theories, we must set aside notions such as proto-phenomenality, quantum phenomenality, and neurophenomenology. These approaches fall short in addressing the central issue: the lack of a unified framework that explains phenomenal consciousness in terms of both its experiential nature and its underlying physical basis. What is missing is an effective theory in which the biophysical and biochemical dimensions of neuroscience are embodied in the brain’s functional geometry as emergent expressions of its underlying functional organization. Our focus is on a multiscale framework of embodied processes within embedded quantum physicalism, structured by the embodied functional brain geometry. Functional geometry is an active, evolving structure shaped by and shaping the dynamics of agential holons, intrinsic information, and self-intending projections. Curvature within this functional geometry imposes directional constraints on the system’s intrinsic information metric, shaping how internal states relate and interact. This multiscale structure constitutes a functional holonomy, organizing functional interactions into reflexive loops, enabling process-based self-reference. However, reflexive loops alone are not sufficient for phenomenality. What is additionally required is an intentional relation, a recursive, self-directed form of aboutness, or a self-referential loop of intentionality. Within an embedded quantum physicalist framework, phenomenality can be understood as a physical phenomenon...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Emiliana Piscitiello, Barbara Truglia, Sara Castria, Alessandra Occhinegro, Elisa De Angelis, Luca Alberti, Ludovico Taddei, Timna Hitrec, Roberto Amici, Jack A. Tuszynski, Marco Luppi
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promise in mitigating AD pathology, yet its effects on tau remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of high-polarized light (HPL; Bioptron Quantum Hyperlight, 350–3400 nm) on tau phosphorylation using an ex vivo rat brain slice model of synthetic torpor (ST), a reversible hypometabolic state inducing controlled tau hyperphosphorylation. Slices were incubated at physiological (37 °C) or hypometabolic (25 °C) temperatures and exposed to HPL for 10 or 20 minutes. Western blot analyses of Tau-1 (non-phosphorylated tau), p-GSK3β (Ser9), and p-T205 revealed that HPL increased Tau-1 levels in warm slices, indicating a shift toward reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. p-GSK3β modulation was variable, reflecting inter-animal differences and temperature-dependent kinase/phosphatase dynamics...
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